{"id":315,"date":"2024-04-02T07:15:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tutors4you.com\/?page_id=315"},"modified":"2024-04-02T07:15:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T06:15:57","slug":"thermodynamics-basic-terms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tutors4you.com\/index.php\/thermodynamics-basic-terms\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermodynamics: Basic Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"well well-sm\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Thermodynamics:<\/font><font color=\"#000080\"\n        size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">&nbsp; The branch of science that\n        deals with the study of different forms of energy and the\n        quantitative relationships between them.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">System:&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000080\"\n        size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">Quantity of matter or a region of\n        space which is under consideration in the analysis of a\n        problem.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Surroundings:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">Anything outside\n        the thermodynamic system is called the surroundings. The\n        system is separated from the surroundings by the\n        boundary. The boundary may be either fixed or moving.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Closed system:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">There is no mass\n        transfer across the system boundary. Energy transfer may\n        be there.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Open system:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">There may be both\n        matter and energy transfer across the boundary of the\n        system.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Isolated system:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">There is neither\n        matter nor energy transfer across the boundary of the\n        system.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">State of the system and state\n        variable:&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">The state of a system means the conditions\n        of the system. It is described in terms of certain\n        observable properties which are called the state\n        variables, for example, temperature (t), pressure (p),\n        and volume (v).<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">State function:<\/font><font color=\"#000080\"\n        size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">&nbsp; A physical quantity is a\n        state function in the change in its value during the\n        process depends only upon the initial state and final\n        state of the system and does not depend on the path by\n        which the change has been brought about.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Macroscopic system and its properties:&nbsp;\n        <\/font><font color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">If as\n        system contains a large number of chemical species such\n        as atoms, ions, and molecules, it is called macroscopic\n        system. <\/font><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Extensive properties: <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">These properties\n        depend upon the quantity of matter contained in the\n        system. Examples are; mass, volume, heat capacity,\n        internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibb&#8217;s free energy. <\/font><font\n        color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">Intensive\n        properties:&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">These properties depend only upon the amount\n        of the substance present in the system, for example,\n        temperature, refractive index, density, surface tension,\n        specific heat, freezing point, and boiling point.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Types of thermodynamic processes:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">We say that a\n        thermodynamic process has occurred when the system\n        changes from one state (initial) to another state\n        (final).<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Isothermal process:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">When the\n        temperature of a system remains constant during a\n        process, we call it isothermal. Heat may flow in or out\n        of the system during an isothermal process.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Adiabatic process:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">No heat can flow\n        from the system to the surroundings or vice versa.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Isochoric process:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">It is a process\n        during which the volume of the system is kept constant.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Isobaric process:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">It is a process\n        during which the pressure of the system is kept constant.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" size=\"4\"\n        face=\"Arial\">Reversible processes:&nbsp; <\/font><font\n        color=\"#000080\" size=\"4\" face=\"Arial\">A process which is\n        carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes\n        occurring in the direct process can be exactly reversed\n        and the system remains almost in a state of equilibrium\n        with the surroundings at every stage of the process.<\/font><\/p>\n        <p align=\"left\"><font color=\"#FF0000\" face=\"Arial\"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n        \t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thermodynamics:&nbsp; The branch of science that deals with the study of different forms of energy and the quantitative relationships between them. System:&nbsp; Quantity of matter or a region of space which is under consideration in the analysis of a problem. Surroundings:&nbsp; Anything outside the thermodynamic system is called the surroundings. The system is separated from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-315","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thermodynamics: Basic Terms - Tutors 4 You<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tutors4you.com\/index.php\/thermodynamics-basic-terms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thermodynamics: Basic Terms - Tutors 4 You\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thermodynamics:&nbsp; The branch of science that deals with the study of different forms of energy and the quantitative relationships between them. 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