Conditional Probability

If A and B are two envents associated with a random experiment, then the probability of occurence of the event A under the condition that B has occurred and P(B)≠0

Thus P(A/B)=probability of occurence of event A given that event B has already occured and P(B)≠0

Let S be the sample space having ‘n’ equal likely outcomes of a random experiment. Let A and B be two events of sample space S.


a is number of outcomes in A
b is number of outcomes in B
t is number of outcomes in A∩B


Then

       

Note: The outcomes of B which are favourable to A are the common outcomes of A and B that is, outcomes of A&capB





provided P(B)≠0



orprovided P(B)≠0



Similarlyprovided P(A)≠0

Properties of Conditional Probability

The conditional probability of an event A given that B has occurred lies between 0 and 1


If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment having sample space S and if F is an event such that P(F)≠0, then


and if A and B are disjoint sets